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Modified Stave Notation
Modified Stave Notation (MSN) is an alternative way of notating music that was developed in the UK where it is widely used.〔(Modified Stave Notation - RNIB )〕 MSN is intended to be used by people who cannot easily read ordinary musical stave notation (or staff notation〔''Staff'' is more common in American English, ''stave'' in British English. The plural is ''staves'' in either case; ''stave'' is, in fact, a back-formation from ''staves''. (Pam Peters, The Cambridge Guide to English Usage, p. 514.)〕), even if it is enlarged, or for some people reduced in size. Such users include those with visual impairments and those who are dyslexic.
== History of Modified Stave Notation ==
In the 1990s the then Royal National Institute for the Blind, negotiated with the Music Publishers' Association an agreement to permit partially sighted people to enlarge music, providing only one copy was made and the enlarged music was not re-sold. For each item enlarged, permission was needed from the work's publisher who would then supply a yellow sticker with "MPA approved large print music copy RNIB" written over a five line stave. It was noted, however, at this time that enlargement produced new problems, notably with the extra space between symbols and the production of either unwieldy large and flimsy sheets or scores requiring more page turns and not necessarily in convenient places. So examples of music in which all signs equally enlarged but compacted horizontally were created.〔Ockelford, A. (1994) "Music in large print" Royal National Institute for the Blind and The Music Publishers' Association Ltd.〕
Also in the 1990s some music publishers started producing music in large print fonts, taking layouts used widely for children's beginner tutor books and extending these to short repertoire pieces, particularly for keyboard instruments. The National Music and Disability Information Service〔National Music and Disability Information Service 1982 to 1998, based at Dartington Hall. This service was then taken under the umbrella of Soundsense, in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk. (Sound sense )〕 kept a resource paper "RP14 Information on Music for People with Partial Sight" which listed some of these publishers.
With the advent of sophisticated music notation software, such as Sibelius,〔(sibelius.com ) founded in England in 1993, since 2006 part of Avid Technology〕 the production of MSN became easier, with the ability to save preferred settings of each user. The Royal National Institute of Blind People is the largest formal producer of MSN in the world, with a production team based in Ivybridge, Devon. MSN has become an accepted standard for public examinations in England and Wales, for GCSE and A level music and music technology papers, under general special arrangements authorised by the Joint Council for Qualifications,〔(Joint Council for Qualifications )〕 and worldwide for sight reading tests for grade examination boards such as the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music,〔(Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music )〕 and Trinity College London.〔(Trinity College London )〕 Candidates requiring Modified Print copies of the rubric may ask for MSN scores, sometimes in a standard format, sometimes tailor made to match a submitted example.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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